[Study on the improvement of trauma patient care: TRAUMACAT project]. / Estudio para la mejoría de la atención hospitalaria inicial del paciente politraumatizado: proyecto TRAUMACAT.

UNLABELLED: Multiple injuries are a major source of morbidity and mortality in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a collaborative strategy to improve the implementation of six clinical indicators, recognized internationally, for the treatment of trauma patient. Prospective, multicentre, pre-and post-intervention study, in ten referral hospitals, offering polytrauma care in Catalonia. 378 patients were recruited for the pre-intervention study and 501 for the post-intervention study. All patients had a history of high-energy trauma requiring admission to critical or semi-critical care unit. INTERVENTION: collaborative strategy aimed at participating professionals, involving the creation of a panel of experts, appointment of monitors to encourage improvements at each centre, training, distribution of information, material and meetings, to exchange impressions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: frequency and characteristics of trauma and percentage of compliance with clinical indicators. Study of 879 trauma patients. The injury mechanism was overall blunt trauma, in both pre and post intervention phases. The medium ISS (injury severity score) was 21 ± 12,8 and the medium TRISS (trauma and injury severity score) was 26,4 ± 11,4. We didn't find differences between both study phases, in relation to the severity of injury. The mortality rate was 11.5%. We observed significant improvement in the performance of chest X-rays (45% vs. 62%) and pelvis X-rays (27% vs. 62%) in the trauma box and in the fixation of the pelvis in patients with a fracture at this site (24% vs. 49%). The use of diagnostic radiology in hemodynamically unstable patients remained low (33%). The collaborative strategy was effective in improving certain indicators of clinical management.

Estudio para la mejoría de la atención hospitalaria inicial del paciente politraumatizado: proyecto TRAUMACAT / Study on the improvement of trauma patient care: TRAUMACAT project

Los politraumatismos constituyen una importante causa de morbimortalidad en la población joven. El objetivo del estudio fue recoger y analizar el efecto de una estrategia de carácter colaborativo para mejorar la aplicación de 6 indicadores clínicos reconocidos a nivel internacional como imprescindibles en el correcto tratamiento de los pacientes politraumatizados. Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico pre y postintervención en 10 hospitales de referencia en la atención de pacientes politraumatizados de Catalunya. Se reclutaron respectivamente 378 y 501 pacientes en el período pre y postintervención. Para ser incluidos debían tener antecedentes de un traumatismo de alta energía, siendo preciso su ingreso en una unidad de críticos o semicríticos. Intervención: estrategia colaborativa dirigida a profesionales de los hospitales participantes, que incluyó la constitución de un grupo de expertos, asignación de responsables para incentivar mejoras en cada centro, formación, distribución de material informativo y reuniones para intercambio de experiencias. Principales medidas de resultado: frecuencia y características del politraumatismo y porcentaje en el cumplimiento de indicadores clínicos. Análisis de 879 pacientes politraumatizados. Los mecanismos de lesión fueron mayoritariamente causados por trauma cerrado en ambas fases del estudio. El ISS (injury severity score) medio global de toda la muestra fue de 21 ± 12,8 y el TRISS (trauma and injury severity score) medio global de la serie del 26,4 ± 11,4. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a la gravedad entre los 2 períodos del estudio. La mortalidad global de la muestra fue del 11,5%. En cuanto a los indicadores clínicos, se identificaron mejoras significativas en los períodos pre y postintervención en la realización de radiografías de tórax (el 45 frente al 62%) y de pelvis (el 27 frente al 62%) en cubículo de trauma y en la fijación de la pelvis en pacientes con fractura a este nivel (el 24 frente al 49%). En el traslado de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables a radiología diagnóstica no se observaron cambios, manteniéndose valores de cumplimiento bajos (33%). La estrategia colaborativa ha sido efectiva para mejorar algunos indicadores de manejo clínico (AU)

Multiple injuries are a major source of morbidity and mortality in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a collaborative strategy to improve the implementation of six clinical indicators, recognized internationally, for the treatment of trauma patient. Prospective, multicentre, pre-and post-intervention study, in ten referral hospitals, offering polytrauma care in Catalonia. 378 patients were recruited for the pre-intervention study and 501 for the post-intervention study. All patients had a history of high-energy trauma requiring admission to critical or semi-critical care unit. Intervention: collaborative strategy aimed at participating professionals, involving the creation of a panel of experts, appointment of monitors to encourage improvements at each centre, training, distribution of information, material and meetings, to exchange impressions. Main outcome measures: frequency and characteristics of trauma and percentage of compliance with clinical indicators. Study of 879 trauma patients. The injury mechanism was overall blunt trauma, in both pre and post intervention phases. The medium ISS (injury severity score) was 21 ± 12,8 and the medium TRISS (trauma and injury severity score) was 26,4 ± 11,4. We didn't find differences between both study phases, in relation to the severity of injury. The mortality rate was 11.5%. We observed significant improvement in the performance of chest X-rays (45% vs. 62%) and pelvis X-rays (27% vs. 62%) in the trauma box and in the fixation of the pelvis in patients with a fracture at this site (24% vs. 49%). The use of diagnostic radiology in hemodynamically unstable patients remained low (33%). The collaborative strategy was effective in improving certain indicators of clinical management (AU)

Colonoscopic perforation: useful parameters for early diagnosis and conservative treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine useful parameters for the early diagnosis of colonoscopic perforation and to select those who would require surgical treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the demographics, clinical and colonoscopic data, diagnostic-surgical interval, operative findings, complications, and hospital stay of patients who developed postcolonoscopy iatrogenic colonic perforation between January 2002 and December 2008. RESULTS: A retrospective multicentric study of patients diagnosed of colonoscopic perforation was performed. Fifty-four patients were found for final analysis (mean age, 71 years (26-91 years). Thirty-four were diagnostic and 20 were therapeutic colonoscopies. Most patients in whom the perforation was noticed during colonoscopy were treated surgically (p = 0.032) within 24 h (p = 0.004) and had a lesser degree of surgical peritonitis (p = 0.033). Those with deficient bowel preparation had more interventions (p < 0.05), ostomies (p = 0.015), and complications (p = 0.023) as well as major clinical (p < 0.001) and surgical peritonitis (p = 0.031). Patients with nonoperative management had fewer complications (p = 0.011) and lower hospital stay (p < 0.048). Surgical treatment within 24 h resulted in a lesser degree of surgical peritonitis (p < 0.001), fewer intestinal resections (p < 0.001), ostomies (p = 0.002) and complications (p < 0.047), and shorter hospital stay (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend a conservative treatment for patients with the following conditions: good general health, unnoticed perforation during endoscopy, early diagnosis, no signs of diffuse peritonitis, proper colonic preparation, and a different injury mechanism to traction. Patients treated surgically after the first 24 h are likely to have a greater degree of peritonitis and more intestinal resections, ostomies, and complications.

Intento de autolisis con arma blanca / Attempt of autolysis with kitchen knife

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Perforación gástrica asociada a infección por Candida / Gastric perforation associated with Candida infection

En la etiología de la úlcera gastroduodenal destacan la infección por Helicobacter pilory, consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, enfermedad neoplásica, estados de hipersecreción ácida y enfermedad ulceropéptica secundaria. En la literatura médica se describen casos clínicos de pacientes sanos o con factores de riesgo para la infección fúngica que presentan una perforación del ulcus gastroduodenal asociada a la presencia de hongos en el líquido ascítico o tejido de la úlcera gastroduodenal, pero sin presentar los factores etiológicos anteriormente mencionados. Así pues, se puede sospechar que en la patogénesis de la perforación intervienen más factores y más gérmenes.El uso de antifúngicos en pacientes postoperados de un ulcus gastroduodenal perforado es controvertido.Se presentan 2 casos clínicos de pacientes sanos, a los que se intervino de perforación de una úlcera gastroduodenal, y en los que se descartaron las causas más frecuentes de perforación y únicamente se demostró la presencia de Candida en la úlcera(AU)

Notable causes of gastroduodenal ulcer are Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, neoplastic disease, acid hypersecretory states and secondary peptic ulcer disease. There are case reports of healthy patients or those with risk factors for fungal infection who develop gastroduodenal ulcer perforation associated with the presence of fungi in ascitic fluid or gastroduodenal ulcer tissue but without the above-mentioned etiological factors. Thus, other factors and pathogens may be involved in the pathogenesis of perforation.The use of antifungal agents in patients following surgery for a perforated gastroduodenal ulcer is controversial.We report two cases of healthy patients who underwent surgery for perforated gastroduodenal ulcer, in whom the most frequent causes of perforation were excluded. Only the presence of Candida in the ulcer was found(AU)

[Gastric perforation associated with Candida infection]. / Perforación gástrica asociada a infección por Candida.

Notable causes of gastroduodenal ulcer are Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, neoplastic disease, acid hypersecretory states and secondary peptic ulcer disease. There are case reports of healthy patients or those with risk factors for fungal infection who develop gastroduodenal ulcer perforation associated with the presence of fungi in ascitic fluid or gastroduodenal ulcer tissue but without the above-mentioned etiological factors. Thus, other factors and pathogens may be involved in the pathogenesis of perforation. The use of antifungal agents in patients following surgery for a perforated gastroduodenal ulcer is controversial. We report two cases of healthy patients who underwent surgery for perforated gastroduodenal ulcer, in whom the most frequent causes of perforation were excluded. Only the presence of Candida in the ulcer was found.